Donald Watts Davies, CBE FRS (7 June 1924 – 28 May 2000) was a British computer scientist and an early developer of the Internet. He worked at the UK National Physical Laboratory (NPL). Between 1965 and 1967, he created modern data communication methods, including packet switching, high-speed routers, layered communication protocols, hierarchical computer networks, and the foundation of the end-to-end principle.
Paul Baran (born Pesach Baran /ˈbærən/; April 29, 1926 – March 26, 2011) was a Polish-American engineer. He helped create computer networks and was one of two people who independently developed packet switching. This method is now the main way data is sent over computer networks worldwide.
Larry Roberts (December 21, 1937 – December 26, 2018) was an American computer scientist and an early leader in the development of the Internet. While working as a program manager and later as an office director at the Advanced Research Projects Agency, Roberts and his team helped create the ARPANET, the first large computer network to use packet switching, a method for sending data in small pieces. This method was first developed by British scientist Donald Davies and American engineer Paul Baran.
Robert Elliot Kahn was born on December 23, 1938. He is an American electrical engineer who, with Vint Cerf, created the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP). These are the basic rules that help the Internet work.
Vinton Gray Cerf (born June 23, 1943) is an American scientist who helped create the Internet. He is known as one of “the fathers of the Internet,” along with Robert Kahn, who worked together to develop TCP/IP. He has received many honors, such as the National Medal of Technology, the Turing Award, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Marconi Prize, and membership in the National Academy of Engineering.
Robert Cailliau (last name pronunciation: [kajo], born January 26, 1947) is a Belgian computer scientist. In 1987, he created the first hypertext system for CERN before the World Wide Web existed. He worked with Tim Berners-Lee on the development of the World Wide Web and shared the ACM Software System Award for this work.
Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee (born June 8, 1955), also known as TimBL, is an English computer scientist best known for inventing the World Wide Web, HTML, the URL system, and HTTP. He works as a research fellow at the University of Oxford and was a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). In March 1989, Berners-Lee suggested a way to organize information more effectively.
Theodor Holm Nelson (born June 17, 1937) is an American leader in information technology, a thinker in computer science, and a researcher in sociology. He created the terms hypertext and hypermedia in 1963 and wrote about them in 1965. A 1997 article in Forbes said Nelson “describes himself as a literary romantic, like a Cyrano de Bergerac, or ‘the Orson Welles of software.'”
Vannevar Bush (pronounced van-NEE-var; March 11, 1890 – June 28, 1974) was an American engineer, inventor, and science leader. During World War II, he managed the U.S. Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), which oversaw most military research and development work.
Norbert Wiener was born on November 26, 1894, and died on March 18, 1964. He was an American scientist, mathematician, and philosopher. Wiener became a professor of mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).