Clément Ader (French pronunciation: [klemɑ̃ adɛʁ]; 2 April 1841 – 3 May 1925) was a French inventor and engineer. He was born near Toulouse in Muret, Haute-Garonne, and died in Toulouse. He is best known for his early work in aviation.
Hippolyte Mège-Mouriès (French: [ipɔlit mɛʒ muʁjɛs]; 24 October 1817 – 31 May 1880) was a French chemist and inventor known for creating margarine.
Marcel Deprez was a French electrical engineer. He was born on December 12, 1843, in Aillant-sur-Milleron. He died on October 13, 1918, in Vincennes.
Ferdinand Philippe Edouard Carré (11 March 1824 – 11 January 1900) was a French engineer born on 11 March 1824 in Moislains (Somme). He is most famous for inventing refrigeration equipment used to make ice. Carré passed away on 11 January 1900 in Pommeuse (Seine-et-Marne).
Charles Tellier (29 June 1828 – 19 October 1913) was a French engineer born in Amiens. He studied motors and compressed air early in his career. In 1868, he started experiments with refrigeration, which led to the development of refrigeration systems used on ocean ships to preserve meat and other perishable foods.
Nicolas Appert was born on November 17, 1749, and died on June 1, 1841. He was a French candy maker and inventor who created a method to keep food safe by sealing it in airtight containers during the early 1800s. Appert, called the “father of food science,” explained his invention as a way to “preserve all types of food in containers.”
Nicolas Louis Robert (2 December 1761 – 8 August 1828) was a French soldier and mechanical engineer who invented a paper-making machine that became the foundation of the Fourdrinier machine. In 1799, Robert received a patent for the first machine that made paper in a continuous sheet. After disputes and financial problems with Saint-Léger Didot, Robert lost control of his invention.
Charles Martin Hall was born on December 6, 1863, and died on December 27, 1914. He was an American inventor, businessman, and chemist. He is most famous for creating a low-cost method to make aluminum in 1886.
Paul (Louis-Toussaint) Héroult was born on April 10, 1863, and died on May 9, 1914. He was a French scientist who helped invent the Hall-Héroult process for extracting aluminum. He also created the first successful commercial electric arc furnace.
Ferdinand Frédéric Henri Moissan was a French chemist and pharmacist. He was born on September 28, 1852, and died on February 20, 1907. He won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for separating fluorine from its compounds.