Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen was born on March 27, 1845, and died on February 10, 1923. He was a German scientist who studied how things work through experiments. He discovered a type of invisible light called X-rays, which are also known as “Röntgen rays” in many languages.
Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel was a German inventor and mechanical engineer. He was born on March 18, 1858, and died on September 29, 1913. He is most famous for creating the diesel engine, which uses diesel fuel.
Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler (German: [ˈɡɔtliːp ˈdaɪmlɐ]; 17 March 1834 – 6 March 1900) was a German engineer, industrial designer, and industrialist. He was a pioneer in the development of internal-combustion engines and automobiles. He created the first high-speed engine powered by liquid petroleum.
James Prescott Joule (born December 24, 1818; died October 11, 1889) was an English physicist. He studied how heat works and found out how heat connects to mechanical work. This discovery helped create the law of conservation of energy, which later became part of the first law of thermodynamics.
Christian Andreas Doppler (pronounced “dop-ler”) was an Austrian mathematician and physicist born on November 29, 1803, and died on March 17, 1853. He discovered the principle now called the Doppler effect, which explains that the observed frequency of a wave changes based on how fast the source and observer are moving relative to each other.
Elias Howe Jr. (pronounced /h aʊ/; born on July 9, 1819, and died on October 3, 1867) was an American inventor. He is famous for creating the modern lockstitch sewing machine.
William Henry Fox Talbot ( / t æ l b ə t / ; 11 February 1800 – 17 September 1877) was an English scientist, inventor, and pioneer in photography. He developed the salted paper and calotype processes, which were earlier versions of photographic methods used in the 19th and 20th centuries. In the 1840s, Talbot worked on ways to copy images using light.
John Ericsson (born Johan Ericsson; July 31, 1803 – March 8, 1889) was a Swedish-American engineer and inventor. He worked in England and the United States. Ericsson helped design the railroad steam locomotive called Novelty, which competed in the Rainhill Trials on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway.
Joseph Henry was an American physicist and inventor who lived from December 17, 1797, to May 13, 1878. He worked as the first secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Before that, he was the secretary of the National Institute for the Promotion of Science, which was an earlier version of the Smithsonian Institution.
William Sturgeon ( /ˈstɜːrdʒən/ ; May 22, 1783 – December 4, 1850) was an English electrical engineer and inventor. He created the first electromagnet and the first practical electric motor.