Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (also spelled Leibnitz; born July 1, 1646 [Old Style June 21] – died November 14, 1716) was a German expert in many areas, including mathematics, philosophy, science, and diplomacy. He is known, along with Isaac Newton, for creating calculus and for work in other areas of mathematics, such as binary arithmetic and statistics. Leibniz was called the “last universal genius” because he had knowledge in many fields, a rarity after his time due to the Industrial Revolution and the rise of specialized jobs.

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Robert Hooke

Robert Hooke FRS ( / h ʊ k / ; 18 July 1635 – 3 March 1703) was an English scientist who worked as a physicist, astronomer, geologist, meteorologist, and architect. He was one of the first scientists to study living things using a microscope he designed in 1665. Hooke was poor during his early years but later became one of the most important scientists of his time.

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Christiaan Huygens

Christiaan Huygens, Lord of Zeelhem, was a Dutch scientist who worked in many areas, including math, physics, astronomy, and engineering. He is considered an important person during the Scientific Revolution. In physics, he made important contributions to the study of light and motion.

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Blaise Pascal

Blaise Pascal (19 June 1623 – 19 August 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, and Catholic writer. Pascal was a child prodigy who was educated by his father, Étienne Pascal, a tax collector in Rouen. His earliest mathematical work focused on projective geometry; he wrote a significant treatise on conic sections at the age of 16.

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Otto von Guericke

Otto von Guericke (UK: /ˈɡɛərɪkə/, US: /ˈɡ(w)ɛərɪkə, -ki/; German: [ˈɔtoː fɔn ˈɡeːʁɪkə]; spelled Gericke until 1666; born 30 November [O.S. 20 November] 1602 – died 21 May [O.S. 11 May] 1686) was a German scientist, inventor, mathematician, and physicist.

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Evangelista Torricelli

Evangelista Torricelli was an Italian scientist and mathematician who studied under Benedetto Castelli. He is most famous for inventing the barometer. He also made important contributions to the study of light and worked on a mathematical method called the method of indivisibles.

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William Gilbert

• William Gilbert (1804–1890), an English novelist and surgeon who was the father of W. S. Gilbert • W.

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Francis Bacon

Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban PC (pronounced /ˈbeɪkən/; January 22, 1561 – April 9, 1626), was an English philosopher and statesman who worked as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England during King James I’s reign. Bacon emphasized the value of natural philosophy, which uses the scientific method, and his writings remained important during the Scientific Revolution. Bacon is known as the “father of empiricism.” He believed that scientific knowledge could be built through inductive reasoning and careful observation of natural events.

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Galileo Galilei

Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de’ Galilei (15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642), often called Galileo Galilei, was an Italian astronomer, physicist, and engineer. He was born in Pisa, which was part of the Duchy of Florence at the time. Galileo is known as the father of observational astronomy, modern classical physics, the scientific method, and modern science.

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Leon Battista Alberti

Leon Battista Alberti (Italian: [leombatˈtista alˈbɛɾti]; born 14 February 1404, died 25 April 1472) was an Italian Renaissance writer, artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher, and code maker. He showed what it meant to be a person with many talents. He is considered the founder of European cryptography, a title he shares with Johannes Trithemius.

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