Carolyn Widney Greider was born on April 15, 1961. She is an American scientist who studies molecules, cells, and how living things grow. She is a Distinguished Professor of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology at the University of California, Santa Cruz.
Elizabeth Helen Blackburn (born November 26, 1948) is an Australian-American Nobel laureate who was the former leader of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. In 1984, Blackburn helped discover telomerase, the enzyme that replenishes telomeres, along with Carol W. Greider.
Jack William Szostak FRS was born on November 9, 1952. He is a Canadian American biologist with Polish and British heritage. He has won the Nobel Prize and has worked as a university professor at the University of Chicago.
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, born in 1952, is a British-American structural biologist. He won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Thomas A. Steitz and Ada Yonath for their research on the structure and function of ribosomes.
Ada E. Yonath (Hebrew: עדה יונת, pronounced [ˈada joˈnat]; born June 22, 1939) is an Israeli scientist who studies the structure of crystals and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. She is best known for her important research on the structure of ribosomes, which are parts of cells that help make proteins.
Thomas Arthur Steitz was born on August 23, 1940, and passed away on October 9, 2018. He was an American scientist who studied how living things work. He was a professor at Yale University and worked with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Douglas C. Prasher (born August 1951) is an American molecular biologist. He is known for copying and mapping the genes for the photoprotein aequorin and green fluorescent protein (GFP), as well as suggesting that GFP could be used as a tracer molecule.
Martin Lee Chalfie was born on January 15, 1947. He is a professor at Columbia University. In 2008, he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Osamu Shimomura and Roger Y.
Osamu Shimomura (下村 脩, Shimomura Osamu; August 27, 1928 – October 19, 2018) was a Japanese scientist who worked as an organic chemist and marine biologist. He was a retired professor at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and at Boston University School of Medicine. In 2008, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discovering and developing green fluorescent protein (GFP) with two American scientists: Martin Chalfie from Columbia University and Roger Tsien from the University of California-San Diego.
Roger Yonchien Tsien (Chinese: 錢永健 ; February 1, 1952 – August 24, 2016) was an American scientist who studied living things. He worked as a professor of chemistry and biochemistry at the University of California, San Diego. In 2008, he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing the green fluorescent protein, which he created with organic chemist Osamu Shimomura and neurobiologist Martin Chalfie.